UNIVERSE

THE UNIVERSE CONTAIN EVERYTHING, that exists, from the tiniest subatomic particles to galactic superclusters. Nobody know how big Universe is, but astronomers estimate that it contains at least 125 billion galaxies, each contains an average of 100 billions stars. The most widely accepted theory about the origin of the Universe is the Big Bang theory, which states that the Universe came into being in a huge explosion – the Big Bang –that took place between 10 and 20 billion year ago. The Universe initially consists of very hot and dense firewall of expanding, cooling gas. After about 1 million years, the gas began to condense into localised clumps called protogalaxies. During the next 5 billion years, the protogalaxies continued condensing, forming galaxies in which stars were being born. Today billions of years later, the Universe as whole is still expanding, although there are localised areas in which object are held together by gravity- for example, many galaxies are formed in clusters. The Big Bang Theory is supported by faint, Cosmic Background Radiation coming eventually from all sides of the Universe. The radiation is believed to be the remnant of the radiation produced by the Big Bang. Small “ripples” in the temperature of the Cosmic Background Radiation are thought to be evidence of slight fluctuations in the density of early Universe, which resulted in formation of galaxies. Astronomers do not yet know if the Universe is “closed”, which means it will eventually stop expanding and begin to contact, or if it is “open”, which means it will continue expanding forever.

Cosmic Background Radiation:

Flowers and Their Meanings

• Azalea :- " Take care of yourself for me", temperance, fragile passion, first love.
• Chrysanthemum :- " You're a wonderful friend", Cheerfulness and rest.
• Daffodil :- Regard, unrequited love, " You're the only one".
• Daisy :- Innocence, loyal love, purity.
• Gladiolus :- " Give me a break" and "I' m really sincere " ( also the flower of the Gladiators ).
• Iris :- " Your friendship means so much to me", faith, hope, wisdom and valor.
• Tulip :- Perfect love.
• White Lilies :- Purity, majesty, virginity.
• Yellow Lilies :- "I' m walking on air".
  

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Interesting Flower Facts

• Gerbera Daisies :- These lively, festive flowers originated in Africa and are now cultivated in a dazzling array of cheerful colors.
• Gladioli :- Pliny the Elder, a Roman scientist of the first century A.D. named these stately flowers. Struck by the resemblance between the sheath of the flower and the weapon that was carried by roman soldiers, he called the flower `Gkadiolus' from the Latin word `Gladius' which means sword.
• Lilies :- These striking trumpet-shaped flowers are one of the oldest known to man and are thought to have originated in the orient. Throughout the ages, they have been popular motif in both secular and religious art.
• Snapdragons :- These old-fashioned favorites with the whimsical name are native to the Mediterranean. Their Latin name is Antirrhinum, meaning like a snout. Other common names for these flowers are calves' snouts, lion's lips, toad's mouth and rabbit's mouth.
• Tulips :- The Tulip, a symbol of life, love and immortality, actually dates back to the time of confucius. By the late 1600's in Holland, bulb prices often exceeded the price of precious metals. A single bulb is said to have sold for more that $ 2,000.

Converting Body Movement Into Electricity

The British Scientists have built a novel device that can convert body movement into electricity capable of powering small gadgets such as GPS trackers. It was created by researchers from the Universities of Cranfield, Liverpool and Salford. Designed to be worn on the  knees, it harnesses the energy produced when one walks. It could be used by the military to reduce the numbering of heavy batteries-- each weighing upto 10 kg -- that soldiers carry on foot patrol.
         The "energy harvester" is based on so-called piezoelectric materials that have long been used for making sonar sensors and ultrasound scanners and have become the focus of energy generation research in recent years. The device features an outer ring which rotates as the knee moves. It is fixed with 72 plectra that in turns move four energy- generating arms called bimorphs attached  to an inner hub. The vibrations generating the electricity. At the moment, The piece can harvest about 2 milliwatts of power. However, the researchers believed that the power output could exceed 30 milliwatts with a few enhancement, enough to run the latest GPS tracking devices.

A Lamp That Use Human Blood As Fuel

               An American designer named Mike Thompson has developed a lamp which runs on human blood. Much like the strange fuel source, the procedure for lighting the lamp is also out of the ordinary. To set it aglow, one has to break the top of the lamp off, cut oneself with jagged glass and let the blood pour inside it. The blood then  reacts with chemical inside, and sets the lamp alight.
              According to the designer, the lamp is an attempt to make people aware of ills of using too much energy. He says that when one uses this lamp, one is bound to ask him/herself the question: what if power came at a cost to the individual? He insists that just as losing too much blood can put one's life in danger, using too much energy can put the environment at risk.

How is Missile is different from a Bomb or Rocket?

BOMB

MISSILE

ROCKET

A missile is a rocket-propelled weapon designed to deliver an explosive warhead with accuracy and speed. A bomb is simply a warhead, and once released, is completely governed by the laws of ballistics, meaning that the only force that acts upon it after it is released is the force of gravity. If we attach any type of propulsion system to a bomb, it becomes a rocket. Because of its means of propulsion, a rocket can travel farther and faster than a bomb. If guided and control mechanism is attached to a rocket, it becomes a missile, which can be further classified into various ways. The classification can be based on origin and target, such as surface-to-surface missile (SSM), air-to-surface missile (ASM) etc. Ot it can be classified on the basis of the working principle - or of their purpose- like strategic and tactical missiles.

ARYABHATTA the first Indian satellite

Aryabhatta is the name of the first Indian satellite, launched on April 19, 1975. The 360-kg satellite was fabricated wholly by Indian scientists at Peenya, Banglore (now Bangaluru), in 26 months at a cost of Rs. 50 million.
                     The satellite was designated Aryabhatta after the fifth century astronomer and mathematician Aryabhatta of Kusumapura near Patlipura, now Patna , who laid the foundation of modern algebra, founder of zero, determined the parameter of the movements of various celestial bodies, calculated the diameter of the Earth and the Moon, and the importance of their movement around the Sun.

STARS

                                                                                         

We see lots of stars on a clear night. A star is glowing ball of gases which gives off heat and light. Stars are very big in size. They look very small as they are far away from us. You can see star even during the day, it is our Sun.

In the Sun, the nuclear reaction which occurs is called the proton-proton cycle, in which four Hydrogen atoms are combined in a series of reactions to form one Helium atom; this chain of reactions also produces energy (in the form of gamma rays) and some other particles called neutrinos. Stars are formed when large cloud of gases (called nebula) collapse at certain point.

“Forget Jesus!   The stars died so that you could be here today.  Every atom in your body came from a star that exploded”. -Lawrence Krauss

Some facts about stars:

• Closest star to Earth is SUN.
• Closest star to Sun is Proxima Centauri (4.2 light years) .
• Venus is also called morning and evening star. 
• Black Hole is formed when giant star (above 30 times bigger than our sun) collapses under its own weight (when nuclear fusion is finished).
• Neutron stars are the densest and smallest stars known to exist in the Universe; with a radius of only about 11–11.5 km (7 miles), they can have a mass of about twice that of the Sun. The teaspoon of the neutron star weight more than everyone on earth combined. Neutron star can rotate 500 times in 1 second.
• Eta Carinae is one of the largest stars in the known galaxy.
• There are approximately 400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy alone.
• The coolest stars in the universe are red, opposite to that, the hottest stars are blue.
• Stars twinkle because we see them through the wafting of the atmosphere.
• Bigger the star shorter the life, because fuel burning for nuclear fusion is high.
• We are all star dust.
• The PISTON star is the most luminous star known and 10 million times the brightness of the sun.
• When we looking at the star we actually looking into the past. Many of the stars we see at night are already died.
• There are an estimated 70 sextillion stars in the known universe (70,000,000,000,000,000,000,000).

WHAT IS GOD PARTICLE ?

                 WHAT IS GOD PARTICLE ?                                     

Godparticle is the nickname of a subatomic particle called HIGGS BOSON.

In layman’s terms, different subatomic particles are responsible for giving matter different properties. One of the most mysterious and important properties is mass. Some particles, like Protons and neutrons have mass others, like photons, don’t. The Higgs boson or God particle is believed to be the particle which gave mass to matter. The God particle nickname grew out of the long, drawn-out struggles of the physicists to find this elusive piece of the cosmic puzzle. The capture of the most wanted sub-atomic particle in the physics is named as ‘Science journal’s Break through of the year of 2012’.

Scientists have been chasing the Higgs boson, for more than four decades. In July 2012 the team from European nuclear research facility at CERN in Geneva announced the detection of a particle that fitted the description of the elusive Higgs.

The boson is believed to give matter mass via an associated ‘Higgs field’ that permeates space. Without the property of mass, the universe we lived in could not exist.

       

 On October 2013 François Englert and Peter Higgs is awarded with Novel Prize for their work on Higgs particle.

“The Scientific discovery is also Religious discovery. There is no conflict between science and religion. Our knowledge of God is made larger with every discovery we make about the world”.

Facts About Universe

Universe is commonly defined as the totality of everything that exists including all physical matter and energy, the planets, stars, galaxies etc.

• Universe is about 13.7 billion years old ( accord. to big bang theory ).
• Milky Way galaxy contains about 300 billion stars.
• Andromeda is our nearest galaxy.
• There may be a huge Black Hole in the middle of most of galaxies.
• The size of Solar System is estimated about 10^5 AU.
• Actual colour of the Sun is White.
• Whole universe is made up of 75% Dark Energy, 21% Dark Matter & 4% of Normal Matter.
• According to Astronauts Space smells like Hot metal, Welding Fumes.
• The Great wall of China is not visible from space.
• Light Year is the unit of length and is equal to the distance traveled by light in 1 year.
• Speed of light in vaccum is  3 x 10^8m or 3,00,000 km/sec.
• Black Hole is formed when giant star run out of fuel and collapse under its own weight .
• Light cannot escape the intense gravitational pull of a blackhole.
• Every basic elements made in stars.
• Every atom in our body come from stars .
• The milky way have for spiral arms not two.
• Atoms are mostly empty space (about 99.9%).
• It takes photon an average 17000 years to travel from core of sun to surface and 8 minutes to reach earth from surface.